A predictive understanding of the ecological impacts of nonnative species has been slow to
develop, owing largely to an apparent dearth of clearly defined hypotheses and the lack of a …

We describe here the ecological and evolutionary processes that modulate the effects of
invasive species over time, and argue that such processes are so widespread and important …

With the advent of the Anthropocene, biological invasions have reached an unprecedented
level, and the number of species introductions is still increasing in an ever‐changing world …

Ecology Letters (2012) 15: 291–300 Abstract Organisms eating each other are only one of
many types of well documented and important interactions among species. Other such types …

The ecosystem engineering concept focuses on how organisms physically change the
abiotic environment and how this feeds back to the biota. While the concept was formally …

The modification of the physical environment by organisms is a critical interaction in most
ecosystems. The concept of ecosystem engineering acknowledges this fact and allows …

▪ Abstract Oysters have been introduced worldwide to 73 countries, but the ecological
consequences of the introductions are not fully understood. Economically, introduced …

Anthropogenic influences on the biosphere since the advent of the industrial age are
increasingly causing global changes. Climatic change and the rising concentration of …

Ecosystem engineers affect other organisms by creating, modifying, maintaining or
destroying habitats. Despite widespread recognition of these often important effects, the …

Since the 1960's, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas has been introduced for mariculture at
several locations within NW Europe. The oyster established itself everywhere and expanded …