The massive improvement in food production, as a result of effective genetic selection
combined with advancements in farming practices, has been one of the greatest …

Common wheat (Triticum aestivum), one of the world's most consumed cereal grains, is
known for its uses in baking and cooking in addition to its medicinal uses. As this plant's …

Endocrine homeostasis and metabolic diseases have been the subject of extensive
research in recent years. The development of new techniques and insights has led to a …

Over the past 100 yr, the range of traits considered for genetic selection in dairy cattle
populations has progressed to meet the demands of both industry and society. At the turn of …

Lactose is the main carbohydrate in mammals' milk, and it is responsible for the osmotic
equilibrium between blood and alveolar lumen in the mammary gland. It is the major bovine …

Selective breeding has been practiced since domestication, but early breeders commonly
selected on appearance (eg, coat color) rather than performance traits (eg, milk yield). A …

Genomic breeding programs have been paramount in improving the rates of genetic
progress of productive efficiency traits in livestock. Such improvement has been …

Diverse commensal populations are now regarded as key to physiological homeostasis and
protection against disease. Although bacteria are the most abundant component of …

Abstract This Scientific Opinion addresses a European Commission's mandate on the
welfare of dairy cows as part of the Farm to Fork strategy. It includes three assessments …