The review demonstrates that control of posture and locomotion is provided by systems
across the caudal-to-rostral extent of the neuraxis. A common feature of the neuroanatomic …

The primate reticulospinal tract is usually considered to control proximal and axial muscles,
and to be involved mainly in gross movements such as locomotion, reaching and posture …

Little is known about the integration of neural mechanisms for balance and locomotion.
Muscle synergies have been studied independently in standing balance and walking, but …

Previous studies in neurologically intact subjects have shown that motor coordination can be
described by task-dependent combinations of a few muscle synergies, defined here as a …

Recent research suggests that the nervous system controls muscles by activating flexible
combinations of muscle synergies to produce a wide repertoire of movements. Muscle …

People with Parkinson's disease exhibit debilitating gait impairments, including gait
slowness, increased step variability, and poor postural control. A widespread supraspinal …

The musculoskeletal redundancy of the body provides multiple solutions for performing
motor tasks. We have proposed that the nervous system solves this unconstrained problem …

The control of contraction strength is a key part of movement control. In primates, both
corticospinal and reticulospinal cells provide input to motoneurons. Corticospinal discharge …

Although the reticulospinal tract is a major descending motor pathway in mammals, its
contribution to upper limb control in primates has received relatively little attention …

The modular control of muscles in groups, often referred to as muscle synergies, has been
proposed to provide a motor repertoire of actions for the robust control of movement …