Summary Each year, an estimated 7· 7 million deaths are attributed to bacterial infections, of
which 4.95 million are associated with drug-resistant pathogens, and 1· 27 million are …

Bacteria are the most prevalent form of microorganisms and are classified into two
categories based on their mode of existence: intracellular and extracellular. While most …

Background Enteric fever, a systemic infection caused by Salmonella enterica serovars
Typhi and Paratyphi A, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income and …

Paratyphoid B fever (PTB) is caused by an invasive lineage (phylogroup 1, PG1) of
Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi B (SPB). However, little was known about the global …

Bacterial relatedness measured using select chromosomal loci forms the basis of public
health genomic surveillance. While approximating vertical evolution through this approach …

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to the clinical management of typhoid
fever. AMR in Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) is commonly associated with the H58 lineage, a …

Typhoid fever is responsible for a substantial health burden in low-and middle-income
countries (LMICs). New means of prevention became available with the prequalification of …

Salmonella infection remains a persistent global health threat, as different serovars induce a
range of clinical disease, depending upon bacterial virulence and host susceptibility. While …

Abstract Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) is an important pathogen causing typhoid fever
worldwide. The emergence of antibiotic resistance, including that of bla TEM genes …

Phylogenetic analyses are crucial for understanding microbial evolution and infectious
disease transmission. Bacterial phylogenies are often inferred from SNP alignments, with …