Climate tip** elements are large-scale subsystems of the Earth that may transgress critical
thresholds (tip** points) under ongoing global warming, with substantial impacts on the …

Abstract The Antarctic Slope Current (ASC) is a coherent circulation feature that rings the
Antarctic continental shelf and regulates the flow of water toward the Antarctic coastline. The …

We revisit the challenges and prospects for ocean circulation models following Griffies et al..
Over the past decade, ocean circulation models evolved through improved understanding …

Constraining how much and how fast the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) will change in the
coming decades has recently been identified as the highest priority in Antarctic research …

Abstract The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is out of equilibrium with the current anthropogenic‐
enhanced climate forcing. Paleoenvironmental records and ice sheet models reveal that the …

Knowledge gaps about how the ocean melts Antarctica's ice shelves, borne from a lack of
observations, lead to large uncertainties in sea level predictions. Using high-resolution …

Subglacial freshwater discharge from beneath Antarctic glaciers likely has a strong impact
on ice shelf basal melting. However, the difficulty in directly observing subglacial flow …

Almost all heat reaching the bases of Antarctica's ice shelves originates from warm
Circumpolar Deep Water in the open Southern Ocean. This study quantifies the roles of …

The ice sheet model intercomparison project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6) effort brings together the
ice sheet and climate modeling communities to gain understanding of the ice sheet …

The present-day state and future of the Antarctic Ice Sheet depend on the rate at which the
ocean melts its fringing ice shelves. Ocean heat must cross many physical and dynamical …