Ligation of the CD28 receptor on T cells provides a critical second signal alongside T cell
receptor (TCR) ligation for naive T cell activation. Here, we discuss the expression, structure …

In 2010, two proteins, Piezo1 and Piezo2, were identified as the long-sought molecular
carriers of an excitatory mechanically activated current found in many cells. This discovery …

Septins are an integral component of the cytoskeleton, assembling into higher-order
oligomers and filamentous polymers that associate with actin filaments, microtubules and …

The life cycle of a primary cilium begins in quiescence and ends prior to mitosis. In quiescent
cells, the primary cilium insulates itself from contiguous dynamic membrane processes on …

Phosphoinositides (PIs) make up only a small fraction of cellular phospholipids, yet they
control almost all aspects of a cell's life and death. These lipids gained tremendous research …

Abstract Phospholipases D (PLD) and C (PLC) hydrolyze the phosphodiesteric linkages of
the head group of membrane phospholipids. PLDs and PLCs in plants occur in different …

The pancreatic islet β cell senses circulating levels of calorigenic nutrients to secrete insulin
according to the needs of the organism. Altered insulin secretion is linked to various …

Transmission of mechanical force is crucial for normal cell development and functioning.
However, the process of mechanotransduction cannot be studied in isolation from cell …

In the almost 70 years since the first hints of its existence, the phosphoinositide,
phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4, 5-bisphosphate has been found to be central in the …

Here we develop a minimal model of the cell actomyosin cortex by forming a quasi-2D cross-
linked filamentous actin (F-actin) network adhered to a model cell membrane and contracted …