The light distribution of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) generally resembles that of a
Lambertian light source. When used as large-area light sources, the light distribution angle …

LEDs employed in portable device flashes are Lambertian light sources, additional optical
components such as Fresnel lenses and reflector cups must be incorporated to adjust the …

This study proposed a model with different luminous intensity profiles without reflective
matrix bar for light fixtures that used asymmetric luminous intensity (ALI) CSP-LEDs (Chip …

In this study, we present a smart design concept for extremely thin free-form (FF) micro-
optical elements (MOEs) for uniform illumination in direct-lit LED luminaire systems with a …

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have numerous advantages. However, LEDs only offer a point
light source. Therefore, transforming LEDs into planar light sources is a new objective in …

Traditional backlights are designed with new dot patterns, and then injection molding, laser
beam fabrication, or UV (Ultraviolet) roll-to-plate imprinting is used to apply dot patterns to a …

This study proposes a model of a light module with an optimized luminous intensity field for
realizing an antiglare light-emitting diode (LED) desk lamp without a second optical element …

Freeform (FF) optical elements offer new opportunities in many fields of applications since
they allow the generation of tailored irradiance distributions, which would be difficult to …

This paper proposes a passive optical brightening element design, a non-axisymmetric
freeform lens (NAFL), arranged and assembled on a traditional traffic sign. NAFL is the first …