In recent years, scientists have made remarkable progress reconstructing the animal
phylogeny. There is broad agreement regarding many deep animal relationships, including …

Animal evolution is often presented as a march toward complexity, with different living
animal groups each representing grades of organization that arose through the progressive …

Artificial intelligence-based protein structure prediction methods such as AlphaFold have
revolutionized structural biology. The accuracies of these predictions vary, however, and …

Despite tremendous efforts in the past decades, relationships among main avian lineages
remain heavily debated without a clear resolution. Discrepancies have been attributed to …

Proper biological interpretation of a phylogeny can sometimes hinge on the placement of
key taxa—or fail when such key taxa are not sampled. In this light, we here present the first …

Resolving the early diversification of animal lineages has proven difficult, even using
genome-scale datasets. Several phylogenomic studies have supported the classical …

Phylogenomic studies have resolved countless branches of the tree of life, but remain
strongly contradictory on certain, contentious relationships. Here, we use a maximum …

We present a consensus classification of life to embrace the more than 1.6 million species
already provided by more than 3,000 taxonomists' expert opinions in a unified and coherent …

Reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships that unite all lineages (the tree of life) is a
grand challenge. The paucity of homologous character data across disparately related …

The origins of neural systems remain unresolved. In contrast to other basal metazoans,
ctenophores (comb jellies) have both complex nervous and mesoderm-derived muscular …