Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death worldwide due to an infectious disease,
causing around 1.6 million deaths each year. This situation has become more complicated …

The key role of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and T helper 17 (TH17) cells in tissue inflammation,
autoimmunity and host defence led to the experimental targeting of these molecules in …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has attracted widespread attention in cancer
treatment. Due to the low immunogenicity and immune suppression state in the tumor …

Intracellular bacteria in latent or dormant states tolerate high‐dose antibiotics. Fighting
against these opportunistic bacteria has been a long‐standing challenge. Herein, the design …

The advent of drug-resistant pathogens results in the occurrence of stubborn bacterial
infections that cannot be treated with traditional antibiotics. Antibacterial immunotherapy by …

The immunotherapy of cancer has made significant strides in the past few years due to
improved understanding of the underlying principles of tumor biology and immunology …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for the development of active pulmonary
tuberculosis (TB), with development of DM pandemic in countries where TB is also endemic …

The granuloma that forms in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis must be carefully
balanced in terms of immune responses to provide sufficient immune cell activation to inhibit …

Host immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is mediated by cellular
immunity, in which cytokines and Th1 cells play a critical role. In the process of control of the …

To elucidate the little-known bioenergetic pathways of host immune cells in tuberculosis, a
granulomatous disease caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis …