In the past few years, fungal diseases caused estimated over 1.6 million deaths annually
and over one billion people suffer from severe fungal diseases (;). Public health surveillance …

Very rapidly after Varroa destructor invaded apiaries of Apis mellifera, the devastating effect
of this mite prompted an active research effort to understand and control this parasite. Over a …

Encapsulation of clove essential oil (CEO) by chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) was
performed, using an emulsion-ionic gelation technique to improve the antifungal efficacy of …

Propolis is one of the most fascinating honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) products. It is a plant
derived product that bees produce from resins that they collect from different plant organs …

Nosema ceranae is a hot topic in honey bee health as reflected by numerous papers
published every year. This review presents an update of the knowledge generated in the last …

Adult honey bees are maintained in vitro in laboratory cages for a variety of purposes. For
example, researchers may wish to perform experiments on honey bees caged individually or …

Here we cover a wide range of methods currently in use and recommended in modern
queen rearing, selection and breeding. The recommendations are meant to equally serve as …

The importance of aspergillosis in humans and various animal species has increased over
the last decades. Aspergillus species are found worldwide in humans and in almost all …

A variety of methods are used in honey bee research and differ depending on the level at
which the research is conducted. On an individual level, the handling of individual honey …

Herein, silver and zinc oxide Nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by using W. coagulant
fruit extract as reducing agent and cap** agent. The green synthesized NP with distinct …