Global aquaculture has expanded rapidly to address the increasing demand for aquatic
protein needs and an uncertain future for wild fisheries. To date, however, most farmed …

Plastics are widely diffused in the oceans and their ingestion by marine organisms is raising
concern for potentially adverse effects. The risk of harmful interactions with marine plastic …

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is an efficient and widely used
technique to monitor gene expression. Housekee** genes (HKGs) are often empirically …

The aim of this review is to find answers to some of the questions surrounding reference
genes and their reliability for quantitative experiments. Reference genes are assumed to be …

Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) has
become one of the most commonly used techniques for RNA expression. To obtain more …

Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is widely used in molecular biology, although the
accuracy of the quantitative results is determined by the stability of the reference genes …

Simple Summary Plastic waste in the marine environment can be degraded into microplastic
particles that are smaller than 5 mm in diameter. Such microplastic particles can interfere …

Plastics in the oceans can break up into smaller size and shape resembling prey or particles
selected for ingestion by marine organisms. Plastic polymers may contain chemical …

Lactobacillus plantarum is known for its probiotics benefit to host, although the effects vary
among strains. This study conducted a feeding experiment of three Lactobacillus strains …

The world production of shrimp such as the Malaysian giant freshwater prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii is seriously affected by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) …