Antibiotic resistance is a global health emergency, with resistance detected to all antibiotics
currently in clinical use and only a few novel drugs in the pipeline. Understanding the …

Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

Drug resistance is well-defined as a serious problem in our living world. To survive,
microbes develop defense strategies against antimicrobial drugs. Drugs exhibit less or no …

An increased number of research articles in terms of infectious disease and multidrug
resistance challenges reveals that antibiotic resistance is becoming a serious health issue …

Despite colossal achievements in antibiotic therapy in recent decades, drug-resistant
pathogens have remained a leading cause of death and economic loss globally. One such …

The number of multidrug-resistant bacteria is rapidly spreading worldwide. Among the
various mechanisms determining resistance to antimicrobial agents, multidrug efflux pumps …

Multi-drug resistance in Salmonella Typhi remains a public health concern globally. This
study aimed to investigate the function of quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) …

The widespread use of antibiotics, especially those with a broad spectrum of activity, has
resulted in the development of multidrug resistance in many strains of bacteria, including …

Pathogen inactivation is a strategy to improve the safety of transfusion products. The only
pathogen reduction technology for blood products currently approved in the US utilizes a …

The transport of small molecules across membranes is a pivotal step for controlling the drug
concentration into the bacterial cell and it efficiently contributes to the antibiotic susceptibility …