In response to diverse stress stimuli, eukaryotic cells activate a common adaptive pathway,
termed the integrated stress response (ISR), to restore cellular homeostasis. The core event …

Systems biology is an integrative discipline connecting the molecular components within a
single biological scale and also among different scales (eg cells, tissues and organ systems) …

Tumors that express detectable levels of the product of the ESR1 gene (estrogen receptor-α;
ERα) represent the single largest molecular subtype of breast cancer. More women …

Cancer is often considered a genetic disease. However, much of the enormous plasticity of
cancer cells to evolve different phenotypes, to adapt to challenging microenvironments and …

Apoptosis is a form of programmed and controlled cell death that accounts for the majority of
cellular death in bioprocesses. Cell death affects culture longevity and product quality; it is …

Here we show that iNOS-deficient mice display enhanced classically activated M1
macrophage polarization without major effects on alternatively activated M2 macrophages …

The ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone are master regulators of the development
and function of a broad spectrum of human tissues, including the breast, reproductive and …

Sustained low-grade inflammation mediated by non-resolving inflammatory monocytes has
long been suspected in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; however, the molecular …

How breast cancer cells respond to the stress of endocrine therapies determines whether
they will acquire a resistant phenotype or execute a cell-death pathway. After a survival …

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, which over time acquires various adaptive
changes leading to more aggressive biological characteristics and development of treatment …