The cloning of the founding member of the Hedgehog (HH) family of secreted proteins two
decades ago inaugurated a field that has diversified to encompass embryonic development …

Between the 1960s and 1980s, most life scientists focused their attention on studies of
nucleic acids and the translation of the coded information. Protein degradation was a …

Intracellular deposition of aggregated and ubiquitylated proteins is a prominent
cytopathological feature of most neurodegenerative disorders. Whether protein aggregates …

Intracellular and extracellular accumulation of aggregated protein are linked to many
diseases, including ageing-related neurodegeneration and systemic amyloidosis. Cells …

The aggregation of misfolded proteins is associated with the perturbation of cellular function,
ageing and various human disorders. Mounting evidence suggests that protein aggregation …

Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are the most abundant and ubiquitous soluble intracellular
proteins. In single-cell organisms, invertebrates and vertebrates, they perform a multitude of …

The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted proteins governs a wide variety of processes during
embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Here we review the current …

Gli zinc-finger proteins are transcription factors involved in the intracellular signal
transduction controlled by the Hedgehog family of secreted molecules. They are frequently …

A continuous threat to cell function and viability is the contain components of the ubiquitin-
proteasome degraaccumulation in cells of proteins with highly abnormal dative pathway and …

Abstract The 2004 Nobel Prize in chemistry for the discovery of protein ubiquitination has led
to the recognition of cellular proteolysis as a central area of research in biology. Eukaryotic …