ABSTRACT The Chang'e-5 (CE-5) mission, the first return of lunar samples to Earth since
the Apollo and Luna missions more than 44 years ago, landed on one of the youngest mare …

The Chinese spacecraft Chang'e-5 (CE-5) landed on the northern Ocean Procellarum and
returned 1,731 grams of regolith. The CE-5 regolith is composed mostly of fragments of …

There is extensive geologic evidence of ancient volcanic activity on the Moon, but it is
unclear how long that volcanism persisted. Magma fountains produce volcanic glasses …

The history of mare volcanism critically informs the thermal evolution of the Moon. However,
young volcanic eruptions are poorly constrained by remote observations and limited …

The lunar basalt samples returned by the Chang'e-5 mission erupted about 2.0 billion years
ago during the late period of the Moon's secular cooling. The conditions of mantle melting in …

Abstract The Chang'E 5 (CE-5) samples represent the youngest mare basalt ever known
and provide an access into the late lunar evolution. Recent studies have revealed that CE-5 …

The evolution of the lunar magnetic field can reveal the Moon's interior structure, thermal
history, and surface environment. The mid-to-late-stage evolution of the lunar magnetic field …

The redox state of a planetary mantle affects its thermal evolution. The redox evolution of
lunar mantle, however, remains unclear due to limited oxygen fugacity (f O2) constraints …

The paradigm of lunar crust formation has been widely applied to other terrestrial bodies, but
the nature of early crust building on the Moon remains enigmatic. Here we report non-Apollo …

The lunar regolith layer preserves abundant information on the internal properties of the
Moon as well as the space-surface interactions. By gardening and overturning through time …