Clostridioides difficile toxins: mechanisms of action and antitoxin therapeutics

SL Kordus, AK Thomas, DB Lacy - Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2022 - nature.com
Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive anaerobe that can cause a spectrum of disorders
that range in severity from mild diarrhoea to fulminant colitis and/or death. The bacterium …

The role of toxins in Clostridium difficile infection

R Chandrasekaran, DB Lacy - FEMS microbiology reviews, 2017 - academic.oup.com
Clostridium difficile is a bacterial pathogen that is the leading cause of nosocomial antibiotic-
associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis worldwide. The incidence, severity …

Pathogenicity and virulence of Clostridioides difficile

JE Buddle, RP Fagan - Virulence, 2023 - Taylor & Francis
Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated
diarrhea, and is responsible for a spectrum of diseases characterized by high levels of …

Clostridium difficile Toxin Biology

K Aktories, C Schwan, T Jank - Annual review of microbiology, 2017 - annualreviews.org
Clostridium difficile is the cause of antibiotics-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous
colitis. The pathogen produces three protein toxins: C. difficile toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB) …

Clostridium difficile binary toxin CDT: Mechanism, epidemiology, and potential clinical importance

DN Gerding, S Johnson, M Rupnik, K Aktories - Gut microbes, 2014 - Taylor & Francis
Binary toxin (CDT) is frequently observed in Clostridium difficile strains associated with
increased severity of C. difficile infection (CDI). CDT belongs to the family of binary ADP …

Targeted Restoration of the Intestinal Microbiota with a Simple, Defined Bacteriotherapy Resolves Relapsing Clostridium difficile Disease in Mice

TD Lawley, S Clare, AW Walker, MD Stares… - PLoS …, 2012 - journals.plos.org
Relapsing C. difficile disease in humans is linked to a pathological imbalance within the
intestinal microbiota, termed dysbiosis, which remains poorly understood. We show that …

Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection: an ongoing conundrum for clinicians and for clinical laboratories

BD Carey-Ann, KC Carroll - Clinical microbiology reviews, 2013 - Am Soc Microbiol
Clostridium difficile is a formidable nosocomial and community-acquired pathogen, causing
clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic colonization to self-limiting diarrhea to …

The Changing Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile Infections

J Freeman, MP Bauer, SD Baines… - Clinical microbiology …, 2010 - Am Soc Microbiol
The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has changed dramatically during
this millennium. Infection rates have increased markedly in most countries with detailed …

Defining the roles of TcdA and TcdB in localized gastrointestinal disease, systemic organ damage, and the host response during Clostridium difficile infections

GP Carter, A Chakravorty, TA Pham Nguyen, S Mileto… - MBio, 2015 - Am Soc Microbiol
Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, a significant animal
pathogen, and a worldwide public health burden. Most disease-causing strains secrete two …

[HTML][HTML] Clostridium difficile infection: a worldwide disease

KE Burke, JT Lamont - Gut and liver, 2014 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Clostridium difficile, an anaerobic toxigenic bacterium, causes a severe infectious colitis that
leads to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both enhanced bacterial toxins and …