Historically, ferns have been described as underutilized by insects. However, studies have
shown a diversity of insects interacting with ferns, although the evolutionary and ecological …

Diversity and distribution of flower coloration is a puzzling topic that has been extensively
studied, with multiple hypotheses being proposed to account for the functions of coloration …

Major dimensions of plant ecological strategies have been widely studied bringing forward
the concept of 'economic spectra'of plants. Sexual reproductive traits,'floral traits', have been …

Producing and maintaining flowers is essential for reproduction in most angiosperms,
underpinning population persistence and speciation. Although the physiological costs of …

Attracting pollinators to achieve successful reproduction is a key challenge for wild plants
that may be disturbed by complex multispecies interactions in nature. Pairwise plant …

Abstract Background and Aims Flower–visitor interactions comprise a continuum of
behaviours, from mutualistic partners to antagonistic visitors. Despite being relatively …

Aim Functional traits shape the distribution of taxa across environments. However, it remains
unclear whether trait and environmental niche evolution are correlated, and what happened …

Flower–animal interactions encompass a continuum of mutualistic to antagonistic behaviors.
Although the importance of pollinators in interaction networks has been widely reported, the …

Background Rivea ornata, a rare species from the morning glory family, exhibits uncommon
characteristics compared to other typical morning glories, including nocturnal flowers that fit …

Premise Flower damage caused by florivores often has negative consequences for plant
reproduction. However, the factors affecting plant–florivore interactions are still poorly …