All mutualistic plant–animal interactions are mediated by costs and benefits in relationships
where resources (from plants) are exchanged by services (from animals). The most common …

Mistletoes have been studied in temperate countries regularly because they can be pests of
cultivated plants and forest plantations. In comparison with temperate habitats, little is known …

Plants and ants have widespread relationships that are commonly mediated by the offer of
extrafloral nectar (EFN) to ants that protect plants against herbivores. However, these ant …

Studies of ant–plant relationships elucidate how top-down effects of the third trophic level
can affect the biomass, richness, and/or species composition of plants. Although widespread …

Multitrophic interactions play key roles in the origin and maintenance of species diversity,
and the study of these interactions has contributed to important theoretical advances in …

Although fire‐and ant–plant interactions influence the community structure and dynamics of
Neotropical savannas, no previous studies have considered their simultaneous effects on …

Plant-animal interactions occur in a community context of dynamic and complex ecological
interactive networks. The understanding of who interacts with whom is a basic information …

The question if ant behaviour and biological limitations should be considered before
generalisations about the ant's defensive capabilities in ant–plant relationships was …

Multiple predators often have effects on their common prey populations that cannot be
predicted by summing the effects of each predator at a time. When predators forage on the …

The cerrado savanna of Brazil embraces an area of approximately 2 million km2, in which
vegetation physiognomies may vary from open grassland to forest with a discontinuous …