Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the ratio of incidence is
increasing. Mortality usually results from recurrence or metastases. Surgical removal of the …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

BACKGROUND Preclinical studies show that opioids stimulate angiogenesis and tumor
progression through the mu opioid receptor (MOR). Although MOR is overexpressed in …

For over 20 years, bovine beta-casein has been a subject of increasing scientific interest
because its genetic A1 variant during gastrointestinal digestion releases opioid-like peptide …

Morphine is an analgesic widely used to alleviate cancer pain. In addition, the perioperative
management of pain in cancer surgery patients most often includes opioids. However, there …

Morphine is considered the “gold standard” for relieving pain and is currently one of the most
effective drugs available clinically for the management of severe pain associated with …

Prospective randomized trials are required to investigate this important topic further. Several
are currently ongoing. Until the results of these are available for scrutiny, there is currently …

Purpose Long-term cancer survivors develop special health issues and specific needs.
Chronic pain, whether the consequence of their cancer or as a side effect of treatment, is …

Opinion statement Opioids are the gold standard for the treatment of cancer-related pain.
Preclinical studies have associated opioids with cancer progression and overall survival. In …

Morphine, a mu‐opioid receptor (MOR) agonist, has been extensively used to treat
advanced cancer pain. In particular, in patients with cancer metastasis, both morphine and …