Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global
population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water …

The osmotic pressure difference between river water and seawater is a promising source of
renewable energy. However, current osmotic energy conversion processes show limited …

Electrodialysis, a membrane separation method, uses an electrical potential difference to
separate ions in aqueous solutions. Electrodialysis is used in several industries for the …

The need for unconventional sources of fresh water is pushing a fast development of
desalination technologies, which proved to be able to face and solve the problem of water …

Solar–thermal water evaporation (SWE) has received much interest in recent years due to a
few seminal works on materials innovation and thermal management. With many studies …

Salinity gradient energy is currently attracting growing attention among the scientific
community as a renewable energy source. In particular, Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) is …

The increase of energy demand added to the concern for environmental pollution linked to
energy generation based on the combustion of fossil fuels has motivated the study and …

The water industries (WIN) are now approaching towards sustainability of resource use,
recovery process, and water and energy management based on the circular economy (CRE) …

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an attractive, sustainable, and emerging technology that
harvests energy based on the salinity gradient caused by the flow of rivers into oceans to …

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a promising technology for extracting energy from salinity
gradients. However, there are still barriers to the realization of its commercial application …