Microbial contamination in drinking water is of great concern around the world because of
high pathogenic risks to humans. Semiconductor photocatalysis has aroused an increasing …

The number of species on Earth is one of the most fundamental numbers in science, but one
that remains highly uncertain. Clearly, more species exist than the present number of …

Gene exchange between viruses and their hosts acts as a key facilitator of horizontal gene
transfer and is hypothesized to be a major driver of evolutionary change. Our understanding …

Viruses are ubiquitous parasites of cellular life and the most abundant biological entities on
Earth. It is widely accepted that viruses are polyphyletic, but a consensus scenario for their …

The origin of life is a fascinating, unresolved problem whose deciphering would have
important scientific, epistemological and social implications. Over time, philosophers and …

The discovery of eukaryotic giant viruses has transformed our understanding of the limits of
viral complexity, but the extent of their encoded metabolic diversity remains unclear. Here …

Liquid crystals play an important role in biology because the combination of order and
mobility is a basic requirement for self-organisation and structure formation in living systems …

All cellular life forms are afflicted by diverse genetic parasites, including viruses and other
types of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and have evolved multiple, diverse defence …

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies using DNA, RNA, or methylation
sequencing have impacted enormously on the life sciences. NGS is the choice for large …

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on earth and show remarkable diversity of
genome sequences, replication and expression strategies, and virion structures …