Biological sex is an important modifier of physiology and influences pathobiology in many
diseases. While heart disease is the number one cause of death worldwide in both men and …

Major differences between men and women exist in epidemiology, manifestation,
pathophysiology, treatment, and outcome of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the major cause of morbidity and mortality for both men
and women, occur uncommonly in premenopausal women, but their incidence rises sharply …

Nearly one-third of deaths in the United States are caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD)
each year. In the past, CVD was thought to mainly affect men, leading to the exclusion of …

Laminopathies are a group of disorders caused by mutations in the LMNA gene encoding A-
type lamins, components of the nuclear lamina. Three of these disorders affect specifically …

Background—Although gender-specific criteria are common for defining cardiac traits such
as left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) thresholds widely used …

▪ Abstract Cardiomyopathies are primary disorders of cardiac muscle associated with
abnormalities of cardiac wall thickness, chamber size, contraction, relaxation, conduction …

The goal of this study was to determine the role of estrogen receptor subtypes in the
development of pressure overload hypertrophy in mice. Epidemiological studies have …

Pre-menopausal women have reduced risk for cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular
disease rises after menopause. Studies in animal models have also suggested that females …

In the mammalian myocardium, potassium (K+) channels control resting potentials, action
potential waveforms, automaticity, and refractory periods and, in most cardiac cells, multiple …