Neurotransmitters serve as chemical messengers playing a crucial role in information
processing throughout the nervous system, and are essential for healthy physiological and …

The selective vulnerability of specific neuronal subtypes is a hallmark of neurodegenerative
diseases. In this Review, I summarize our current understanding of the brain regions and …

Significant advances have been made uncovering the factors that render neurons
vulnerable in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the critical pathogenic events leading to …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most important age-related neurodegenerative
disorder in developed societies, after Alzheimer's disease, with a prevalence ranging from …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects about 1.5% of the
global population over 65 years of age. A hallmark feature of PD is the degeneration of the …

Background Gut homeostasis, including intestinal immunity and microbiome, is essential for
cognitive function via the gut-brain axis. This axis is altered in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced …

Dopamine metabolism, alpha-synuclein pathology, and iron homeostasis have all been
implicated as potential contributors to the unique vulnerability of substantia nigra …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is defined by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia
nigra and the formation of Lewy body inclusions containing aggregated α-synuclein. Efforts …

Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide. Neurodegenerative
diseases result from progressive damage to nerve cells in the brain or peripheral nervous …

Recently identified Parkinson's disease (PD) genes involved in synaptic vesicle endocytosis,
such as DNAJC6 (auxilin), have further implicated synaptic dysfunction in PD pathogenesis …