With the increase in world population, the demography of humans is estimated to be
exceeded and it has become a major challenge to provide an adequate amount of food …

Through a variety of mechanisms, including increasing the amount of readily available
mineral nutrients, regulating phytohormone levels, and biocontrol of phytopathogens, plant …

Agriculture has a lot of responsibility as the rise in the world's population demands more
food requirements. However, more than one type of biotic and abiotic stress continually …

Drought stress is the major abiotic factor limiting crop production. Co-inoculating crops with
nitrogen fixing bacteria and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improves plant …

Drastic changes in the climate and ecosystem due to natural or anthropogenic activities
have severely affected crop production globally. This concern has raised the need to …

Global climate change is the major cause of abiotic and biotic stresses that have adverse
effects on agricultural productivity to an irreversible level, thus threatening to limit gains in …

The rhizosphere is the region around the plant roots where maximum microbial activities
occur. In the rhizosphere, microorganisms' beneficial and harmful activities affect plant …

Agriculture is the best foundation for human livelihoods, and, in this respect, crop production
has been forced to adopt sustainable farming practices. However, soil salinity severely …

Among the biotic and abiotic stress affecting the physical, chemical, and biological
properties of soil, salinity is a major threat that leads to the desertification of cultivable land …

Environmental pollution has become a transnational issue that impacts ecosystems, soil,
water, and air and is directly related to human health and well-being. Chromium pollution …