The multi-scale approach to conserving forest biodiversity has been used in Sweden since
the 1980s, a period defined by increased reserve area and conservation actions within …

While the quantity of sustainability governance initiatives and systems has increased
dramatically, crises persist over whether specific governance systems can be trusted as …

Activists have exposed startling forms of labor exploitation and environmental degradation in
global industries, leading many large retailers and brands to adopt standards for fairness …

Private organizations play a growing role in governing global issues alongside traditional
public actors such as states, international organizations, and subnational governments …

The majority of the world's forests are used for multiple purposes, which often include the
potentially conflicting goals of timber production and biodiversity conservation. A …

Approximately 85% of the global forest estate is neither formally protected nor in areas
dedicated to intensive wood production (eg, plantations). Given the spatial extent of …

Abstract “The Swedish forestry model” refers to the forest regime that evolved following the
1993 revision of the Swedish Forestry Act. It is key to Swedish forest politics and used to …

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, conserving and enhancing
forest carbon stocks, and sustainably managing forests (REDD+) are emerging as a central …

Zero-deforestation commitments are a type of voluntary sustainability initiative that
companies adopt to signal their intention to reduce or eliminate deforestation associated …

The anticipated benefits and co-benefits of REDD+ generated considerable enthusiasm and
momentum prior to the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference, and the lack of …