Experience and memory of environmental stimuli that indicate future stress can prepare
(prime) organismic stress responses even in species lacking a nervous system. The process …

Fungi contribute extensively to a wide range of ecosystem processes, including
decomposition of organic carbon, deposition of recalcitrant carbon, and transformations of …

The yeast deletion collections comprise> 21,000 mutant strains that carry precise start-to-
stop deletions of∼ 6000 open reading frames. This collection includes heterozygous and …

Aristotle made important contributions to the study of developmental biology, including the
complete metamorphosis of insects. One concept in particular, that of the perfect or complete …

Cyanobacteria are model organisms for photosynthesis and are attractive for biotechnology
applications. To aid investigation of genotype-phenotype relationships in cyanobacteria, we …

Genome-wide phenotypic screens in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, enabled
by its knockout collection, have produced the largest, richest, and most systematic …

Strain-to-strain variations in bacterial biofilm formation, metabolism, motility, virulence,
evolvability, DNA repair and resistance (to phage, antibiotics, or environmental stresses) …

Cells require energy for growth and maintenance and have evolved to have multiple
pathways to produce energy in response to varying conditions. A basic question in this …

Somatic evolution during cancer progression and therapy results in tumour cells that show a
wide range of phenotypes, which include rapid proliferation and quiescence. Evolutionary …

Organisms respond to environmental changes by adapting the expression of key genes.
However, such transcriptional reprogramming requires time and energy, and may also leave …