As the Arctic warms, vegetation is responding, and satellite measures indicate widespread
greening at high latitudes. This 'greening of the Arctic'is among the world's most important …

Permafrost regions at high latitudes and altitudes store about half of the Earth's soil organic
carbon (SOC). These areas are also some of the most intensely affected by anthropogenic …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

The formation, growth and drainage of lakes in Arctic and boreal lowland permafrost regions
influence landscape and ecosystem processes. These lake and drained lake basin (L-DLB) …

Ice-rich permafrost in the circum-Arctic and sub-Arctic (hereafter pan-Arctic), such as late
Pleistocene Yedoma, are especially prone to degradation due to climate change or human …

A systematic review and inventory of recent research relating to optical remote sensing of
Arctic vegetation was conducted, and thematic and geographical trends were summarized …

Permafrost is a sub-ground phenomenon and therefore cannot be directly observed from
space. It is an Essential Climate Variable and associated with climate tip** points. Multi …

Local observations indicate that climate change and shifting disturbance regimes are
causing permafrost degradation. However, the occurrence and distribution of permafrost …

Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs) are among the most dynamic landforms in permafrost
areas, and their formation can be attributed to the thawing of ice-rich permafrost. The spatial …