Allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma often co‐exist. The one airway
model proposes that disease mechanisms occurring in the upper airway may mirror lower …

Both structural and inflammatory cells are capable of secreting transforming growth factor
(TGF)‐β and expressing TGF‐β receptors. TGF‐β can induce multiple cellular responses …

BACKGROUND: The airway epithelium can express factors that drive subepithelial airway
remodeling. TGF-β2, vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF), a disintegrin and …

Obesity is associated with an increased incidence and severity of asthma, as well as other
lung disorders, such as pulmonary hypertension. Adiponectin (APN), an antiinflammatory …

During inflammation, leukocytes influx into lung compartments and interact with extracellular
matrix (ECM). Two ECM components, versican and hyaluronan, increase in a range of lung …

Background: Small airway remodeling (SAR) is an important cause of airflow obstruction in
cigarette smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but the pathogenesis of SAR …

Airway remodelling is a complex process that involves all of the component tissues of the
airway from the epithelium to the adventitia. Each of the changes has the potential to alter …

The molecular basis of airway remodeling and loss of epithelial integrity in asthma is still
undefined. We aimed to establish if exposure of human bronchial epithelium (16HBE cells) …

There have been four types of drug treatment of asthma that have been used over the past
100 years. Belladonna alkaloids, derived from the thorn-apple plant were used in 1905, and …

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a cardinal cytokine in the pathogenesis of airway
remodeling, and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). As a molecular …