A large scholarship currently holds that before the onset of anthropogenic global warming,
natural climatic changes long provoked subsistence crises and, occasionally, civilizational …

The article evaluates recent scholarship on famines in Europe during the medieval and early
modern periods (c. 700–1800), synthesizing the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge and identifying …

Recent decades have seen the rapid expansion of scholarship that identifies societal
responses to past climatic fluctuations. This fast-changing scholarship, which was recently …

Abstract The Little Ice Age (LIA) is known as one of the coldest stages of the Holocene. Most
records from the Northern Hemisphere show evidence of significantly colder conditions …

Megadroughts are notable manifestations of the American Southwest, but not so much of the
European climate. By using long-term hydrological and meteorological observations, as well …

Dagomar Degroot offers the first detailed analysis of how a society thrived amid the Little Ice
Age, a period of climatic cooling that reached its chilliest point between the sixteenth and …

This article evaluates 165 studies from various disciplines, published between 2000 and
2019, which in different ways link past climate variability and change to human history in …

The pre-industrial millennium is among the periods selected by the Paleoclimate Model
Intercomparison Project (PMIP) for experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the …

The Maunder minimum (MM) was a period of extremely low solar activity from approximately
AD 1650 to 1715. In the solar physics literature, the MM is sometimes associated with a …

Water availability is fundamental to societies and ecosystems, but our understanding of
variations in hydroclimate (including extreme events, flooding, and decadal periods of …