Over more than a century of research has established the fact that sleep benefits the
retention of memory. In this review we aim to comprehensively cover the field of “sleep and …

Sleep is universal, tightly regulated, and its loss impairs cognition. But why does the brain
need to disconnect from the environment for hours every day? The synaptic homeostasis …

Highlights•Slow waves of NREM sleep can occur locally and asynchronously across brain
regions.•Their regional distribution and amplitude is in part mediated by experience …

Overlearning refers to the continued training of a skill after performance improvement has
plateaued. Whether overlearning is beneficial is a question in our daily lives that has never …

The historic sleep regulatory paradigm invokes “top-down” imposition of sleep on the brain
by sleep regulatory circuits. While remaining conceptually useful, many sleep phenomena …

Slow-wave sleep is the deep non-rapid eye-movement (NREM) sleep stage that is most
relevant for the recuperative function of sleep. Its defining property is the presence of slow …

Propagation of slow intrinsic brain activity has been widely observed in electrophysiogical
studies of slow wave sleep (SWS). However, in human resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI), intrinsic …

Sleep deprivation is known to have adverse effects on various cognitive abilities. In
particular, a lack of sleep has been reported to disrupt memory consolidation and cognitive …

Experience-dependent plasticity, the ability of the brain to constantly adapt to an ever-
changing environment, has been suggested to be highest during childhood and to decline …

Sleep is not a single state, but a complex set of brain processes that supports several
physiological needs. Sleep deprivation is known to affect attention in many animals …