Video assistant referee was officially introduced into soccer regulations in 2018, after many
years in which referee errors were justified as being “part of the game.” The technology's …

The importance of umpire during competition makes it essential to identify in detail the
referee's performance. The present study aimed to carry out a bibliographic review that …

Beyond Multiple Linear Regression: Applied Generalized Linear Models and Multilevel
Models in R is designed for undergraduate students who have successfully completed a …

This paper presents a conceptual model of referee efficacy, defines the concept, proposes
sources of referee specific efficacy information, and suggests consequences of having high …

The study aimed to identify factors predicting self-efficacy in a sample of 248 Italian handball
referees. The main hypothesis was that perception of teamwork efficacy would be a …

This study aims to draw a comparison of Visual Search Behavior and Decision Making
accuracy among expert and novice Basketball referees. 38 male referees took part in the …

Here, using a grounded theory methodology, we explored the experiential knowledge of
nine national-level Association Football referees (aged 23–35 yrs; 3.8 yrs mean minimum …

The number of football referees in England has declined significantly over recent years,
posing a threat to the future of competitive soccer. This exploratory study investigates the …

Decisions in organizations are often made by individuals acting as members or
representatives of teams, and such decisions may be unduly influenced by the preferences …

This study examined the experiential knowledge of eight Australian national-level football
referees (3.2 yrs mean national-level experience) about the notion of consistent decision …