Males and females often exhibit different behaviours during mate acquisition, pair‐bonding
and parenting, and a convenient label to characterize these behaviours is sex role. The …

The broken-wing display is a well-known and conspicuous deceptive signal used to protect
birds' broods against diurnal terrestrial predators. Although commonly associated with …

Ground‐nesting shorebirds must balance the need for acoustic communication at the nest
with the constant threat posed by predators. Although it may seem likely that their calls are …

Nest predation is a primary cause of reproductive failure in birds; thus, predators apply
strong selective pressure on nesting behaviour, especially risk assessment behaviours …

Camouflage represents an important component of self-protection when animals cannot
easily evade predators and is often altered by behavioural responses to a predation threat …

The primary function of animal nests is to protect develo** offspring from hostile and
fluctuating environments. Animal builders have been shown to adjust nest construction in …

Defensive strategies are unique features of animals with aid of which they guard themselves
against predators or any other potential risks. Birds among the animal kingdom display the …

Complex incubation strategies have evolved to solve the trade-off between parent survival
and care for their eggs with often brief departures (recesses) that maximize egg survival, and …

Nest defense behavior helps ground‐nesting birds improve their breeding success. Among
such behaviors, injury feigning behavior (IFB) is one of the better ways to attract predators …

Avian embryos vocalise late in incubation and communicate with parents through the
eggshell. Embryonic calling could conceivably evoke more intense parental defence …