Many important questions in ecology and evolutionary biology can only be answered with
data that extend over several decades and answering a substantial proportion of questions …

In studies of population ecology, demography and life history evolution, among-individual
differences in traits associated with survival and reproduction are often attributed to variation …

Vital rates of large herbivores normally respond to increased resource limitation by following
a progressive sequence of effects on life‐history characteristics from survival of young, age …

In humans and other animals, harsh circumstances in early life predict morbidity and
mortality in adulthood. Multiple adverse conditions are thought to be especially toxic, but this …

For social species, the environment has two components: physical and social. The social
environment modifies the individual's interaction with the physical environment, and the …

Migratory animals are predicted to enhance lifetime fitness by obtaining higher quality
forage and/or reducing predation risk compared to non‐migratory conspecifics. Despite …

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 915–935 Abstract Fitness costs of reproduction play a key role in
understanding the evolution of reproductive tactics. Nevertheless, the detection and the …

How can the stunning diversity of social systems and behaviours seen in nature be
explained? Drawing on social evolution theory, experimental evidence and studies …

Early survival is highly variable and strongly influences observed population growth rates in
most vertebrate populations. One of the major potential drivers of survival variation among …

Variation in resource availability commonly exerts strong effects on fitness‐related traits in
wild animals. However, we know little about the molecular mechanisms that mediate these …