Interest in stratospheric aerosol and its role in climate have increased over the last decade
due to the observed increase in stratospheric aerosol since 2000 and the potential for …

Large volcanic eruptions are an important driving factor of natural climate variability. A
sound assessment of the role of volcanoes in the climate system in comparison to other …

In the fourteenth century the Old World witnessed a series of profound and abrupt changes
in the trajectory of long-established historical trends. Transcontinental networks of exchange …

This chapter assesses the causes of observed changes assessed in Chapters 2 to 5 and
uses understanding of physical processes, climate models and statistical approaches. The …

The injection of sulfur into the stratosphere by volcanic eruptions is the dominant driver of
natural climate variability on interannual-to-multidecadal timescales. Based on a set of …

The temporal link between mass extinctions and large igneous provinces is well known.
Here, we examine this link by focusing on the potential climatic effects of large igneous …

Explosive volcanism can alter global climate, and hence trigger economic, political and
demographic change,. The climatic impact of the largest volcanic events has been assessed …

The eruption of Samalas in Indonesia in 1257 ranks among the largest sulfur-rich eruptions
of the Common Era with sulfur deposition in ice cores reaching twice the volume of the …

The ability of the climate models submitted to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5
(CMIP5) database to simulate the Northern Hemisphere winter climate following a large …

This report describes details of develo** a volcano forcing reconstruction (Crowley et al.,
2008) for climate models that is based primarily on sulphate records in Antarctic and …