Vegetation composition shifts, and in particular, shrub expansion across the Arctic tundra
are some of the most important and widely observed responses of high-latitude ecosystems …

Open top chambers (OTCs) were adopted as the recommended warming mechanism by the
International Tundra Experiment network in the early 1990s. Since then, OTCs have been …

Rapid climate warming is altering Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystem structure and function,
including shifts in plant phenology. While the advancement of green up and flowering are …

Ecology Letters (2011) Abstract Understanding the sensitivity of tundra vegetation to climate
warming is critical to forecasting future biodiversity and vegetation feedbacks to climate. In …

Global biodiversity is in decline. This is of concern for aesthetic and ethical reasons, but
possibly also for practical reasons, as suggested by experimental studies, mostly with plants …

One expected response to climate warming in the Arctic is an increase in the abundance
and extent of shrubs in tundra areas. Repeat photography shows that there has been an …

We review the evidence of how organisms and populations are currently responding to
climate change through phenotypic plasticity, genotypic evolution, changes in distribution …

Recent observations of changes in some tundra ecosystems appear to be responses to a
warming climate. Several experimental studies have shown that tundra plants and …

Current climatic trends involve both increasing temperatures and climatic variability, with
extreme events becoming more frequent. Increasing concern on extreme climatic events has …

Permafrost regions contain approximately half of the carbon stored in land ecosystems and
have warmed at least twice as much as any other biome. This warming has influenced …