Plants and animals are often adorned with potentially conspicuous colours (eg red, yellow,
orange, blue, purple). These include the dazzling colours of fruits and flowers, the brilliant …

Birds display a rainbow of eye colours, but this trait has been little studied compared with
plumage coloration. Avian eye colour variation occurs at all phylogenetic scales: it can be …

Continuous color polymorphisms can serve as a tractable model for the genetic and
developmental architecture of traits. Here we investigated continuous color variation in …

Reptiles display great diversity in color and pattern, yet much of what we know about
vertebrate coloration comes from classic model species such as the mouse and zebrafish. 1 …

Simple Summary The color of wool is an essential trait in sheep which plays a significant
role in the textile industry. The color of wool is determined by the presence of various …

Convergent evolution is defined as the independent evolution of similar phenotypes in
different lineages. Its existence underscores the importance of external selection pressures …

Introductions of invasive species to new environments often result in rapid rates of trait
evolution. While in some cases these evolutionary transitions are adaptive and driven by …

Various photoactive molecules contain motifs built on aza-aromatic heterocycles, although a
detailed understanding of the excited state photophysics and photochemistry in such …

Simple Summary Pigments in insects have attracted the interest of scientists since the end of
the 19th century. Most yellow, orange or red pigments belong to a family of pteridines which …

We describe the syntheses of monapterin, dihydromonapterin and tetrahydromonapterin in
optically active forms. The syntheses involved the condensation of L-xylose with …