Background Neuroinflammation has an important role in the pathophysiology of migraine,
which is a complex neuro-glio-vascular disorder. The main aim of this review is to highlight …

Understanding the mechanisms of migraine remains challenging as migraine is not a static
disorder, and even in its episodic form migraine remains an “evolutive” chronic condition …

Migraine is a prevalent disorder, affecting 15.1% of the world's population. In most cases, the
migraine attacks are sporadic; however, some individuals experience a gradual increase in …

The fifth cranial nerve is the common denominator for many headaches and facial pain
pathologies currently known. Projecting from the trigeminal ganglion, in a bipolar manner, it …

Migraine is a common, disabling, and undertreated episodic brain disorder that is more
common in women than in men. Unbiased genome-wide association studies have identified …

Currently, migraine is treated mainly by targeting calcitonin gene-related peptides, although
the efficacy of this method is limited and new treatment strategies are desired …

Migraine is a destabilizing neuroinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent headache
attacks. Evidences show tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α play a role in neuroimmunity …

Concussions following head and/or neck injury are common, and although most people with
mild injuries recover uneventfully, a subset of individuals develop persistent post …

Epidemiological estimates indicate that individuals with epilepsy are more likely to
experience headaches, including migraine, than individuals without epilepsy. Headaches …

The brain responds differently to environmental and internal signals that relate to the stage
of development of neural systems. While genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to a …