When develo** and evaluating psychometric measures, a key concern is to ensure that
they accurately capture individual differences on the intended construct across the entire …

Item response theory (IRT) is a modeling approach that links responses to test items with
underlying latent constructs through formalized statistical models. This article focuses on …

Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis is an important step in establishing the validity of
measurements. Most traditional methods for DIF analysis use an item-by-item strategy via …

The present chapter reviews conceptual and measurement issues related to culture and
subjective well-being (SWB). Historically, the concepts of happiness gradually shifted from …

Ensuring fairness in instruments like survey questionnaires or educational tests is crucial.
One way to address this is by a Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analysis, which examines …

Latent variable models are popularly used to measure latent factors (eg, abilities and
personalities) from large-scale assessment data. Beyond understanding these latent factors …

Establishing the invariance property of an instrument (eg, a questionnaire or test) is a key
step for establishing its measurement validity. Measurement invariance is typically assessed …

In recent decades, multidimensional forced-choice (MFC) tests have gained widespread
popularity in organizational settings due to their effectiveness in reducing response biases …

M-fluctuation tests are a recently proposed method for detecting differential item functioning
in Rasch models. This article discusses a generalization of this method to two additional …

Nonequivalent groups with anchor test (NEAT) design is typically preferred in test score
equating, but there are tests which do not administer an anchor test. If the groups are …