Ultrasmall nanoparticles are often grouped under the broad umbrella term of “nanoparticles”
when reported in the literature. However, for biomedical applications, their small sizes give …

For nearly 50 years the proximal tubule (PT) has been known to reabsorb, process, and
either catabolize or transcytose albumin from the glomerular filtrate. Innovative techniques …

Limited drug delivery to the brain is one of the major reasons for high failure rates of central
nervous system (CNS) drug candidates. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) with its tight …

Nanomaterials are currently being developed for the specific cell/tissue/organ delivery of
genetic material. Nanomaterials are considered as non-viral vectors for gene therapy use …

The world of cancer treatment is evolving rapidly and has improved the prospects of many
cancer patients. Yet, there are still many cancers where treatment prospects have not (or …

Emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants warrants sustainable efforts to upgrade both the
diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. Understanding the details of cellular and molecular …

Degradation and recycling of plasma membrane proteins occurs via the endolysosomal
system, wherein endosomes bud into the cytosol from the plasma membrane and …

Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns (3) P) is essential for cell survival, and its
intracellular synthesis is spatially and temporally regulated. It has major roles in two …

Improving the stability of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract and their penetration ability in the
mucosal layer by implementing a nanoparticle delivery strategy is currently a research focus …

The endocytic trafficking pathway is a highly organized cellular program responsible for the
regulation of membrane components and uptake of extracellular substances. Molecules …