Diabetic retinopathy remains the major cause of blindness among working age adults.
Although a number of metabolic abnormalities have been associated with its development …

Mitochondria, as the powerhouse organelle of cells, are greatly involved in regulating cell
signaling pathways, including those related to the innate and acquired immune systems …

Fragments of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are released outside the cell and they appear to
persist in extracellular fluids as circulating, cell-free, mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA). When compared to …

Obesity is a multifactorial and complex condition that is characterized by abnormal and
excessive white adipose tissue accumulation, which can lead to the development of …

Although mitochondrial contributions to cancer have been recognised for approximately a
century, given that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is dwarfed by the size of the nuclear genome …

MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs responsible for regulating 40% to 60% of gene
expression at the posttranscriptional level. The discovery of circulating microRNAs in several …

Mitochondria play several vital roles in the brain cells, especially in neurons to provide
synaptic energy (ATP), Ca2+ homeostasis, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as the regulatory short noncoding RNAs are involved in a wide array
of cellular and molecular processes. They negatively regulate gene expression and their …

Internal and external respiration (mt) Mitochondrial catabolic respiration JkO2 is the O2
consumption in the oxidation of fuel substrates (electron donors) and reduction of O2 …

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that act as negative regulators of gene expression …