The global scale-up of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (ART) has led to dramatic reductions in
HIV-1 mortality and incidence. However, HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) poses a potential …

The efficacy of an antiretroviral (ARV) treatment regimen depends on the activity of the
regimen's individual ARV drugs and the number of HIV-1 mutations required for the …

Mutational escape by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte
(CTL) recognition is a major challenge for vaccine design. However, recent studies suggest …

The article presents guidelines from the British HIV Association for the treatment of HIV-1-
infected adults using antiretroviral therapy. It presents data from clinical trials on the …

In the mid-1990s, the clinical care of patients with HIV infection changed fundamentally as a
result of the development and introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). This led …

Following interruption of antiretroviral therapy among individuals with acquired drug
resistance, preexisting drug-sensitive virus emerges relatively rapidly. In contrast, wild-type …

Methods. We utilized a state-transition model of HIV disease to project life expectancy, costs,
and cost-effectiveness in a hypothetical cohort of antiretroviral-naive patients with chronic …

Background HIV protease inhibitor (PI) therapy results in the rapid selection of drug resistant
viral variants harbouring one or two substitutions in the viral protease. To combat PI …

Background. Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance
(TDR) mutations can become replaced over time by emerging wild-type viral variants with …

Viral recombination has been postulated to play two roles in the development of human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) resistance to antiretroviral drugs. First, recombination has the …