Peptide drug development has made great progress in the last decade thanks to new
production, modification, and analytic technologies. Peptides have been produced and …

The emerging inverse electron demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reaction stands out from other
bioorthogonal reactions by virtue of its unmatchable kinetics, excellent orthogonality and …

Over the past 16 years, genetic code expansion and reprogramming in living organisms has
been transformed by advances that leverage the unique properties of pyrrolysyl-tRNA …

Nature uses a limited, conservative set of amino acids to synthesize proteins. The ability to
genetically encode an expanded set of building blocks with new chemical and physical …

Over 500 natural and synthetic amino acids have been genetically encoded in the last two
decades. Incorporating these noncanonical amino acids into proteins enables many …

Our understanding of the complex molecular processes of living organisms at the molecular
level is growing exponentially. This knowledge, together with a powerful arsenal of tools for …

Uncovering the mechanisms of virus infection and assembly is crucial for preventing the
spread of viruses and treating viral disease. The technique of single-virus tracking (SVT) …

Over the past two decades, genetic code expansion (GCE)-enabled methods for
incorporating noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins have significantly advanced …

Genetic code expansion allows unnatural (non-canonical) amino acid incorporation into
proteins of interest by repurposing the cellular translation machinery. The development of …

Coupling genetically encoded peptide tags or unnatural amino acids (UAAs) with
bioorthogonal reactions allows for precise control over the protein-labeling sites as well as …