Multiciliated cells are epithelial cells that are in contact with bodily fluids and are required for
the proper function of major organs including the brain, the respiratory system and the …

The primary cilium has recently stepped into the spotlight, as a flood of data show that this
organelle has crucial roles in vertebrate development and human genetic diseases. Cilia …

Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) are debilitating birth defects involving the central
nervous system (CNS). Despite recent advances, NTDs represent the second most common …

The Hedgehog (Hh) family of proteins control cell growth, survival, and fate, and pattern
almost every aspect of the vertebrate body plan. The use of a single morphogen for such a …

Defects in the function of cellular organelles such as peroxisomes, lysosomes and
mitochondria are well-known causes of human diseases. Recently, another organelle has …

Cilia are membrane-bounded, centriole-derived projections from the cell surface that contain
a microtubule cytoskeleton, the ciliary axoneme, surrounded by a ciliary membrane …

Planar polarity describes the coordinated polarisation of cells or structures in the plane of a
tissue. The patterning mechanisms that underlie planar polarity are well characterised in …

Cilia are microtubule-based projections that serve a wide variety of essential functions in
animal cells. Defects in cilia structure or function have recently been found to underlie …

Almost every vertebrate cell has a specialized cell surface projection called a primary cilium.
Although these structures were first described more than a century ago, the full scope of their …

Cilia are complex structures that have garnered interest because of their roles in vertebrate
development and their involvement in human genetic disorders. In contrast to multicellular …