Urban environments are regions of complex and diverse architecture. Their reconstruction
and representation as three-dimensional city models have attracted the attention of many …

A pedagogical framework for design learning and design teaching termed Think-Maps is
introduced, presented and demonstrated. In this framework, domain knowledge becomes …

New models of abstracted typological classes that encode forms, functions, processes,
concepts, scenarios, principles and components of previous design products are introduced …

Computer-based generative design tools are often restricted in their scope due to
implementation issues. These simple applications can serve as teaching aids for novice …

Shortly after shape grammars were invented by Stiny and Gips, a two part project for shape
grammars was outlined by Stiny. In a 1976 paper, 1 Stiny described “two exercises in formal …

Building façades can feature different patterns depending on the architectural style,
functionality, and size of the buildings; therefore, reconstructing these façades can be …

One of the applications of generation to the production of designs is embodied in the idea of
the shape grammar. In this paper, a shape grammar model, which is based on the …

Semantic information in 3D building models is of vital importance for various applications in
terms of smart cities. To infer the semantic information and localize the components on …

It is a challenge for shape grammars to incorporate spatial hierarchy and interior connectivity
of buildings in early design stages. To resolve this difficulty, we developed a bi‐directional …

This thesis presents a process model for design composition using an abstraction of form
and function characteristics of design solutions. The design process model is based on …