The postcommunist countries were amongst the most fervent and committed adopters of
neoliberal economic reforms. Not only did they manage to overcome the anticipated …

Research has shown that in proportional, flexible list systems, ballot list position influences
electoral success. In this paper we investigate to what extent this is due to the primacy effect …

How does the number of candidates competing in an election affect voting behavior? In
theory, as the number of candidates running for office increase, citizens' utility from voting …

While most of the literature on information shortcuts in open-list PR systems focuses on the
importance of ballot position effects, the influence of a candidate's localness has widely …

Many studies show that the order of candidates' names on the ballot has an effect on voting.
Less informed and indifferent voters may simplify the voting process by using the ballot …

Candidates listed first on the ballot paper regularly receive more votes than other
candidates, but what role does ballot layout play in this connection? Experimental studies …

This study examines political media consumption among non-resident citizens, and whether
following politics in traditional and social media in their country of residence and origin has a …

Voters are reluctant to sanction representatives for individual misconduct if they have to
balance candidate-level and party-level factors in their choice, but this trade-off is affected by …

2. Background The PO-PSL coalition that governed from 2007 to 2015 was led by the PO,
with Donald Tusk as Prime Minister (PM) from 2007 to 2014, followed by Ewa Kopacz as PM …

Research on the impact of gender quotas in open-list proportional representation systems
has described quotas as ineffective or even paradoxical. While some authors argue that …