Background Moderate–severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI) carries high morbidity and
mortality worldwide. Accurate neuroprognostication is essential in guiding clinical decisions …

Hypernatremia is an occasionally encountered electrolyte disorder, which may lead to fatal
consequences under improper management. Hypernatremia is a disorder of the …

Importance Fluid therapy is an important component of care for patients with traumatic brain
injury, but whether it modulates clinical outcomes remains unclear. Objective To determine …

Context: Published data demonstrates that hypopituitarism is common after traumatic brain
injury (TBI). Hormone deficiencies are transient in many, but the natural history of the acute …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in many age
groups. Neuroendocrine dysfunction has been recognized as a consequence of TBI and …

OBJECTIVE Hypernatremia is independently associated with increased mortality in critically
ill patients. Few studies have evaluated the impact of hypernatremia on early mortality in …

Electrolyte imbalances are common in traumatic brain injury. It shares the cause of
perioperative morbidity and mortality. Types of intravenous fluid resuscitation, osmotic …

Background Intracranial hypertension (ICH) is a major cause of death after traumatic brain
injury (TBI). Continuous hyperosmolar therapy (CHT) has been proposed for the treatment of …

Background Hypernatremia is common following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and occurs from
a variety of mechanisms, including hyperosmotic fluids, limitation of free water, or diabetes …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of death and disability in young adults with
consequences ranging from physical disabilities to long-term cognitive, behavioral …