Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules essential for plant responses to
abiotic and biotic stimuli as well as for multiple developmental processes. They are …

Aerobic living is thought to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are an inevitable
chemical component. They are produced exclusively in cellular compartments in aerobic …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules play key roles in the transduction of
environmental and developmental signals through phosphorylation of downstream signaling …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are endogenously produced by several plant organelles
and compartments, particularly those with high electron transport rates, such as chloroplasts …

Plants have various self-defense mechanisms against biotic attacks, involving both physical
and chemical barriers. Physical barriers include spines, trichomes, and cuticle layers …

As sessile organisms, plants have developed specific mechanisms that allow them to rapidly
perceive and respond to stresses in the environment. Among the evolutionarily conserved …

Leaf senescence is an essential developmental process that impacts dramatically on crop
yields and involves altered regulation of thousands of genes and many metabolic and …

Eukaryotic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have evolved to transduce
environmental and developmental signals into adaptive and programmed responses. MAPK …

Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a hallmark of successful recognition of
infection and activation of plant defenses. ROS play multifaceted signaling functions …

The sensing of stress signals and their transduction into appropriate responses is crucial for
the adaptation and survival of plants. Kinase cascades of the mitogen-activated protein …