Directed evolution aims to expedite the natural evolution process of biological molecules
and systems in a test tube through iterative rounds of gene diversifications and library …

Peptides are fragments of proteins that carry out biological functions. They act as signaling
entities via all domains of life and interfere with protein-protein interactions, which are …

Advances in DNA sequencing and machine learning are providing insights into protein
sequences and structures on an enormous scale. However, the energetics driving folding …

Phage display technology, which is based on the presentation of peptide sequences on the
surface of bacteriophage virions, was developed over 30 years ago. Improvements in phage …

Antibodies, the most popular class of molecules providing molecular recognition needs for a
wide range of applications, have been around for more than three decades. As a result …

Proteomics, the large-scale analysis of proteins, will contribute greatly to our understanding
of gene function in the post-genomic era. Proteomics can be divided into three main …

Approximately 75% of all disease-relevant human proteins, including those involved in
intracellular protein–protein interactions (PPIs), are undruggable with the current drug …

Cyclic peptides are fascinating molecules abundantly found in nature and exploited as
molecular format for drug development as well as other applications, ranging from research …

The origin of life is a fascinating, unresolved problem whose deciphering would have
important scientific, epistemological and social implications. Over time, philosophers and …

Conspectus Although macrocyclic peptides bearing exotic building blocks have proven their
utility as pharmaceuticals, the sources of macrocyclic peptide drugs have been largely …