Opioid use disorder

J Strang, ND Volkow, L Degenhardt… - Nature reviews Disease …, 2020‏ - nature.com
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder that, whilst initially driven by
activation of brain reward neurocircuits, increasingly engages anti-reward neurocircuits that …

Sex differences in neural mechanisms mediating reward and addiction

JB Becker, E Chartoff - Neuropsychopharmacology, 2019‏ - nature.com
There is increasing evidence in humans and laboratory animals for biologically based sex
differences in every phase of drug addiction: acute reinforcing effects, transition from …

The nucleus accumbens: mechanisms of addiction across drug classes reflect the importance of glutamate homeostasis

MD Scofield, JA Heinsbroek, CD Gipson… - Pharmacological …, 2016‏ - Elsevier
The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates
information from cortical and limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic …

Mu opioids and their receptors: evolution of a concept

GW Pasternak, YX Pan - Pharmacological reviews, 2013‏ - Elsevier
Opiates are among the oldest medications available to manage a number of medical
problems. Although pain is the current focus, early use initially focused upon the treatment of …

Methamphetamine: an update on epidemiology, pharmacology, clinical phenomenology, and treatment literature

KE Courtney, LA Ray - Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014‏ - Elsevier
Background Despite initial reports of a decline in use in the early 2000s, methamphetamine
remains a significant public health concern with known neurotoxic and neurocognitive …

The kappa opioid receptor: a promising therapeutic target for multiple pathologies

ML Dalefield, B Scouller, R Bibi… - Frontiers in pharmacology, 2022‏ - frontiersin.org
Kappa-opioid receptors (KOR) are widely expressed throughout the central nervous system,
where they modulate a range of physiological processes depending on their location …

[HTML][HTML] Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion

ME Freeman, B Kanyicska, A Lerant… - Physiological …, 2000‏ - journals.physiology.org
Prolactin is a protein hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that was originally named for its
ability to promote lactation in response to the suckling stimulus of hungry young mammals …

Descending control of pain

MJ Millan - Progress in neurobiology, 2002‏ - Elsevier
Upon receipt in the dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord, nociceptive (pain-signalling)
information from the viscera, skin and other organs is subject to extensive processing by a …

[HTML][HTML] Reward processing by the opioid system in the brain

J Le Merrer, JAJ Becker, K Befort… - Physiological …, 2009‏ - journals.physiology.org
The opioid system consists of three receptors, mu, delta, and kappa, which are activated by
endogenous opioid peptides processed from three protein precursors, proopiomelanocortin …

Nicotine gateway effects on adolescent substance use

M Ren, S Lotfipour - Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2019‏ - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Given the rise in teenage use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (“va**”) in
congruence with the increasing numbers of drug-related emergencies, it is critical to expand …