Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid and known as semi-essential in mammals and is
produced chiefly by the liver and kidney. It presents in different organs, including retina …

Exercise mimetics are a proposed class of therapeutics that specifically mimic or enhance
the therapeutic effects of exercise. Increased physical activity has demonstrated positive …

A major feature of neurodegeneration is disruption of central nervous system homeostasis,
during which microglia play diverse roles. In the central nervous system, microglia serve as …

Neuroinflammation is tightly associated with onset of depression. The nuclear receptor
related 1 protein (Nurr1, also called Nr4a2), its roles in dopaminergic neurons is well …

Neurodegenerative diseases are a large group of neurological disorders with diverse
etiological and pathological phenomena. However, current therapeutics rely mostly on …

Quercetin is a naturally occurring bioactive flavonoid abundant in many plants and fruits.
Quercetin and its derivatives have shown an array of pharmacological activities in preclinical …

Protein aggregation is classically considered the main cause of neuronal death in
neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). However, increasing evidence suggests that alteration …

Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection in the brain leads to chronic
neuroinflammation due to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn …

Epidemiological studies show that exposure to the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin is
associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Animal studies support a link …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by complex
pathophysiological features. Amyloid plaques resulting from extracellular amyloid deposition …